Source: United Nations (video statements)
A complex system of barriers — from international treaties and IAEA safeguards to export controls and the enormous technical and financial challenges of developing a nuclear arsenal — is designed to prevent nuclear weapons from spreading.
Yet an estimated 12,000 nuclear weapons still exist worldwide, while rising geopolitical tensions continue to test the global non-proliferation regime. Maintaining those barriers depends on international cooperation, verification, diplomacy and arms control.