What does the European Central Bank do?

Source: European Central Bank (video statements)

Europe is a place where diversity thrives, dreams are shared, and opportunities are endless. But what helps make all of this possible? At the European Central Bank, we play a vital role in ensuring stability for everyone across the euro area.

In this video, we explain how the ECB keeps prices stable, safeguards the value of the euro, supervises banks, and ensures payments run smoothly. From helping families achieve their dreams to supporting businesses and younger generations building the future, the ECB is here to provide the foundation for a thriving and stable economy.

Because when we do our thing—stability—you can do yours.

Want to learn more about what we do? Take a look at our explainers: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/ecb-and-you/explainers/html/index.en.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ngrjkktmeI

Climate at a crossroads: the need to act now

Source: European Central Bank (video statements)

The verdict on climate change is bleaker than ever before.
The remaining carbon budget to limit global warming to 1.5°C is rapidly shrinking – equivalent to just three years of emissions at current rates.
What is the scientific framework known as planetary boundaries? What’s science telling us about the economic impact of climate change? And how is the ECB addressing climate and nature-related risks?
Our host Paul Gordon speaks to Johan Rockström, Director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, and Irene Heemskerk, head of the ECB’s climate change centre, to find out why.
The views expressed are those of the speakers and not necessarily those of the European Central Bank.
Recorded on 8 October 2025 and published on 14 October 2025.

In this episode:
01:48 Where do we stand in the fight against climate change?
What is science telling us? What could get us back on track?
05:58 Is climate change attracting enough attention?
Is it being overshadowed by other challenges, like the war in Ukraine or geopolitical fragmentation? How is climate change connected to the economy? And what level of risk are we facing?
10:30 What are planetary boundaries?
What is the planetary boundaries framework?
14:50 The phases of climate change
How has global warming evolved over time? Are we heading for disaster? Is the 1.5°C threshold a goal or a limit?
19:15 Why is our economy dependent on climate change?
Why do climate insights matter to the work of a central bank? How does the ECB take climate change into account? What risks does climate change pose to our primary mandate, price stability? And is it too late for us to take action?
23:03 What is the “right pace” for transitioning to a carbon-neutral economy?
How can we balance the need for rapid change with economic interests ?
26:15 Does every step matter?
What’s needed for an orderly transition? What progress has been made in recent years, and what decisions could accelerate it further?
31:55 Our guests’ hot tips
Johan and Irene share their hot tips.

Johan’s hot tip: The EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy, sustainable, and just food systems (published on 2 October 2025)
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(25)01201-2/abstract
TED Talks by Johan Rockström
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RgqtrlixYR4 (2010)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rv-tDrv__mc (2018)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Sl28fkrozE (2020)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vl6VhCAeEfQ (2024)
Climate change and the ECB
https://www.ecb.europa.eu/ecb/climate/html/index.en.html
The ECB Podcast: The ECB’s climate and nature plan: our path to a greener future
https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/tvservices/podcast/html/ecb.pod240125_episode78.en.html
The tipping points of climate change – and where we stand https://www.ted.com/talks/johan_rockstrom_the_tipping_points_of_climate_change_and_where_we_stand?subtitle=en&geo=de
ECB Instagram
https://www.instagram.com/europeancentralbank/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=637jWVcUEQo

Closing remarks | Bridging science and practice

Source: European Central Bank (video statements)

Closing remarks by Carlo Altavilla, Sujit Kapadia, Wolfgang Lemke, Roberto Motto, Oreste Tristan on the second day of the ECB Conference on Monetary Policy 2025.

The 8th Conference on Monetary Policy featured once more an impressive academic line-up and was held as a hybrid event. The three conference sessions tackled issues related to monetary policy, including the role of financial markets and financial intermediaries in monetary policy transmission, and with relation to the current situation of elevated economic and geopolitical uncertainty. A special session showcased monetary policy related research by young economists.

Watch all sessions from the conference: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLnVAEZuF9FZmf9OqnaZC1MoI91YBHNe5e

See the conference programme here: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/conferences/html/20251006_monetary_policy_conf.en.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3rmDmP5GrvY

Keynote speech: The International Transmission of US Monetary Policy Shocks

Source: European Central Bank (video statements)

Keynote speech on the second day of the ECB Conference on Monetary Policy 2025.

Lawrence J Christiano, Northwestern University
Co-Authors: Santiago Camara, Husnu Dalgic

Chair: Roberto Motto, European Central Bank

The 8th Conference on Monetary Policy featured once more an impressive academic line-up and was held as a hybrid event. The three conference sessions tackled issues related to monetary policy, including the role of financial markets and financial intermediaries in monetary policy transmission, and with relation to the current situation of elevated economic and geopolitical uncertainty. A special session showcased monetary policy related research by young economists.

See the conference programme here: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/conferences/html/20251006_monetary_policy_conf.en.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4f43ovou-RY

Young Economists | Bridging science and practice

Source: European Central Bank (video statements)

Session 4 on the second day of the ECB Conference on Monetary Policy 2025.

Chair: Oreste Tristani, European Central Bank

“Monetary Policy and the Firm-level Labor Share: A Story about Capital”
Anna Matzner, Vienna University of Economics and Business

The 8th Conference on Monetary Policy featured once more an impressive academic line-up and was held as a hybrid event. The three conference sessions tackled issues related to monetary policy, including the role of financial markets and financial intermediaries in monetary policy transmission, and with relation to the current situation of elevated economic and geopolitical uncertainty. A special session showcased monetary policy related research by young economists.

Watch all sessions from the conference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHL-GiSCIeg&list=PLnVAEZuF9FZmf9OqnaZC1MoI91YBHNe5e

See the conference programme here: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/conferences/html/20251006_monetary_policy_conf.en.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9IN3SHXkMA

Monetary policy and inflation | Bridging science and practice

Source: European Central Bank (video statements)

Session 3 on the second day of the ECB Conference on Monetary Policy 2025.

Chair: Sujit Kapadia, European Central Bank

“The trouble with rational expectations in heterogeneous agent models: A challenge for macroeconomics”
Benjamin Moll, London School of Economics
Discussant: Laura V. Gati, European Central Bank

The 8th Conference on Monetary Policy featured once more an impressive academic line-up and was held as a hybrid event. The three conference sessions tackled issues related to monetary policy, including the role of financial markets and financial intermediaries in monetary policy transmission, and with relation to the current situation of elevated economic and geopolitical uncertainty. A special session showcased monetary policy related research by young economists.

Watch all sessions from the conference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHL-GiSCIeg&list=PLnVAEZuF9FZmf9OqnaZC1MoI91YBHNe5e

See the conference programme here: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/conferences/html/20251006_monetary_policy_conf.en.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOns8748Zec